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Broiler chicken eggs are one of the main and strategic foods for the people of Indonesia and contribute to regional and national inflation. Broiler egg production in Indonesia differs between regions. Areas with a surplus of eggs tend to have lower prices than areas with a deficit. This research is to measure the transmission of broiler egg prices between markets in surplus and deficit areas, using weekly price time series data for the period January 2018-December 2021. Areas of surplus broiler eggs, East Java Province (the highest broiler egg production in Indonesia) which become one of the main suppliers to the Province of East Nusa Tenggara as a deficit area. Using the Johannsen cointegration test it is found that there is no cointegration or there is no relationship between the surplus and deficit regions in the long term but not in the short term. Factors of marketing infrastructure, market information systems, and geographical conditions can be obstacles to the absence of cointegration. The VAR (Vector Auto-Regressive) Vector Error Correction model (VECM) test, found that price transmission occurred between surplus and deficit areas, meaning that between the two regions, there was market integration prior to Covid. The transmission has weakened, and due to the Covid situation, there have been restrictions on the movement of people and goods. The government and other market players need to study the response of the broiler egg market, in the short and long term so that market players can make the right policies.
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Online teaching management has been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic situation and it has a direct impact on practical teaching management because students do not have access to equipment, chemicals, and tools. This study's purpose is to evaluate practical learning instruction management and student satisfaction with "photocolorimetric methodology platform for measuring egg yolk color" during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the student satisfaction and effectiveness of a learning instruction platform for measuring egg yolk color using a laboratory machine and an online teaching management platform using photocolorimetric methodology. The results of this experiment revealed that the two platforms evaluated yolk colors L*, a*, and b* similarly (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the students were satisfied with the learning instruction with the photocolorimetric methodology platform for measuring egg yolk color at 4.76 points or the most level.
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This report describes the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the productive and economic aspects of livestock and aquaculture production in Italy, including farm management, labour, income, marketing and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products), consumer behaviour, food safety, agrotourism and disease control.
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Online teaching has become an important part of higher education due to the continuous effects of the global COVID-19. In this paper, the online teaching of Animal Product Processing was designed and implemented from three aspects of optimization of online teaching content, organization of teaching process and implementation of online assessment. According to the analysis of the questionnaire survey and the final evaluation results, the online teaching of Animal Product Processing is well received by the students and has achieved good teaching results, providing a useful reference for colleges and universities to carry out in-depth online teaching of Animal Product Processing.
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Introduction: During the period of confinement due to covid-19, the population modified work and social activities, altering eating patterns, physical activity practices and sleep, causing a direct impact on physical and emotional health. Background: To describe the changes generated in eating behavior and lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in a university population living in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Material and method: Cross-sectional study, where university students from the state of Chiapas, Mexico participated. Data collection was carried out through a digital survey using Google Forms. Results: 306 students participated with an average age of 20.75 years (SD= 2.062), a statistically significant increase was found in the number of meals eaten per day, the average per week in consumption of processed meat, eggs, cookies (pastries) and sugary drinks. Statistically significant decrease in consumption of fish and shellfish, dairy, fast food. Also, significant increase, sleep time, watching television and use of electronic devices. Conclusions: The population presented a tendency to changes in diet and unhealthy lifestyles, increasing the risk factors of suffering from other types of diseases.
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Objective: In this study, it is aimed to determine the egg consumption consciousness of consumers in Bursa. Materials and methods: For this purpose, data obtained from face-to-face surveys with 460 people determined by simple random sampling from citizens residing in Bursa province in 2019 were used. Results: In the study, 37.6% of the families consisted of 4 people and 31.1% of them were 3 peoples. It has been determined that 5.2% of the consumers are primary school graduates, 6.7% are secondary school graduates, 22.8% are high school graduates and 65.2% are university graduates. 90.2% of consumers stated that they knew what the letters on the egg label meant. It has been determined that 88.3% of consumers have knowledge about egg production systems and 59.3% of consumers stated that freerange system was better than other egg production systems. Also, 80.4% of consumers stated that there is not enough promotion about eggs produced in organic or free-range system. Again, 44% of consumers stated that the most important factors affecting the price of eggs produced in an organic or free-range system is the high production cost. It was determined that 69.3% of consumers prefer organic or free-range eggs because they find them healthier. In addition, 57% of consumers stated that covid-19 cases did not affect their egg consumption, while 26.1% stated that they consumed more eggs. Moreover, 77.4% of the consumers stated that the cases of covid-19 increased egg prices. Conclusion: From time to time, false propaganda is made in the written and visual media against egg utilization leading to a decrease in consumption. For this reason, the importance of eggs in adequate and balanced nutrition should be explained by authorized people or institutions in order to increase the consumption level even more.
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Price gouging laws are designed to protect consumers from skyrocketing prices, but are they beneficial in practice? In this research, we analyze food retailers' response to widespread price gouging litigation for table eggs at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that price gouging litigation led to a dramatic change in US food retailer behavior, which persisted long after the resolution of many of these legal disputes. Major grocery retail chains responded to price gouging litigation by announcing price freezes on thousands of staple products. By rigidly adhering to pre-pandemic price levels for eggs, we find that retailer response led to a breakdown in the historic dynamic equilibrium relationship between egg prices and the costs of major inputs. At a time when the cost of egg production increased sharply, we find that retailers chose to reduce their purchases and price promotions for eggs rather than raise prices. This suggests that—in response to price gouging litigation—food retailers are willing to accept empty shelves in lieu of increasing prices. © 2023 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association.
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Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infection induces the production of protective antibodies against the sequent exposure of TCoV. Serological tests to determine TCoV-specific antibodies are critical to evaluate previous exposure to TCoV in the turkey flocks and differentiate serotypes from different isolates or strains. A specific virus neutralization assay using embryonated turkey eggs and immunofluorescent antibody assay for determining TCoV-specific neutralizing antibodies is described in this chapter. Virus neutralization titer of turkey serum from turkeys infected with TCoV is the dilution of serum that can inhibit TCoV infection in 50 % of embryonated turkey eggs. Virus neutralization assay for TCoV is useful to monitor the immune status of turkey flocks infected with TCoV for the control of the disease. Copyright © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016.
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Price gouging laws are designed to protect consumers from skyrocketing prices, but are they beneficial in practice? In this research, we analyze food retailers' response to widespread price gouging litigation for table eggs at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that price gouging litigation led to a dramatic change in US food retailer behavior, which persisted long after the resolution of many of these legal disputes. Major grocery retail chains responded to price gouging litigation by announcing price freezes on thousands of staple products. By rigidly adhering to pre-pandemic price levels for eggs, we find that retailer response led to a breakdown in the historic dynamic equilibrium relationship between egg prices and the costs of major inputs. At a time when the cost of egg production increased sharply, we find that retailers chose to reduce their purchases and price promotions for eggs rather than raise prices. This suggests that—in response to price gouging litigation—food retailers are willing to accept empty shelves in lieu of increasing prices. © 2023 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association.
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Introduction: In the search of effective medicines against Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) besides the conventional mode of treatment many medicines belonging to alternative therapeutics claimed to be effective in this disease. In homeopathy-a branch of alternative medicine some medicines are claimed to be effective in COVID-19 after human trials. Aim: To study whether ultradiluted preparation of Phosphorus 6CH (centesimal (C) dilutions, using Hanhemann's (H) dilution method) can protect damaging action of Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in Gallus gallus embryo in relation to their gross appearances, histopathological changes and cytokine changes. Materials and Methods: An in-vivo fertilized chick embryo model experimental analysis was carried out at the Genetic Research Laboratory of Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The whole experimental study was done in a time period of November 2021 to January 2022 and the data collected were analysed using statistical software Minitab. About 14 days old Gallus gallus embryonated eggs were inoculated with the antigen along with the vehicle alcohol controls. The Phosphorus 6CH was used to see whether it can prevent or cure the damaging action of the spike protein in the embryo in different experimental sets. results: The notable finding in this experiment is the remarkable elevated expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 gene in the curative, preventive sets as well as in the medicine control sets in comparison to antigen and alcohol control sets. In case of Transforming Growth Factor, (TGF) β1 there was enhanced expression of TGF β1 gene in the alcohol 6C set and antigen set which gets ameliorated with Phosphorus 6CH. The morbid anatomy of the embryo and the histopathological picture of the liver of the embryo also reflected similar findings in these two experimental sets. After statistical analysis it was found that there was significant correlation in between Interferon (IF) γ and IL-10 in these experimental results which appears very important. conclusion: The homeopathic medicine phosphorus 6CH is capable of maintaining cytokine balance in Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD induced pathogenecity in Gallus gallus embryo.
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The rapid pace of climate change has exacerbated Singapore’s ever-present vulnerability to food shortages. While most of Singapore’s current food supply is imported, the country is working towards becoming self-sufficient in at least 30% of its food demand by 2030. Though a high proportion of Singaporeans have pro-environmental views and believe that buying locally grown food is more eco-friendly, the demand for local produce remains low. To better understand the cause of this attitude–behaviour gap, this study investigated the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of local consumers, as well as their willingness to pay a premium for locally produced vegetables, eggs, and seafood in Singapore. The estimation results suggested that what primarily hinders the local produce demand of consumers with positive perceptions towards sustainability is not their income or product price. Instead, product-specific factors, such as freshness and quality of the produce, and easiness to identify the product at store were found to be positively associated with local produce purchase. Ensuring these factors can potentially lead to higher demand for local produce in Singapore. Attitudes and behaviours related to sustainability played a larger role in the willingness to pay (WTP) than purchase decision making. Thus, to enhance the WTP for local produce, educating the public regarding the sustainability aspect of local produce may prove to be effective.
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This study presents the first description of the breeding biology of the IUCN Endangered North Philippine Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus philippensis). We describe a single pair's breeding phenology, nest characteristics, diet, chick development, and behavior through on-the-ground and remote observations from 1 February to 14 May 2020. Due to limited mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic, we improvised a video recording setup for remote monitoring and used machine learning to extract data from images. The nest was a low cup/fork type stick nest placed on a Malabulak tree (Bombax ceiba) in a heavily disturbed secondary forest. When it was first found, the incubation stage was underway and lasted for 1 month as the nestling emerged on 1 March 2020. Both adults provided parental care throughout the breeding period, with the male primarily providing food and the female attending to the nest, egg, and chick. They preyed on a wide range of vertebrates such as lizards, ground birds, bats, rodents, and domestic animals. With a single egg per clutch and a relatively long breeding cycle, the species has a slow reproductive output that may contribute to its current threatened status.
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Coronavirus has a significant impact on both the poultry industry and individual households. The pandemic's rapid spread has a significant impact on the country, leading to a total lockdown. As a result, the study focused on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on egg production and income of marketers among poultry farmers in Ido Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed. The respondents were chosen using a multi-stage randomization technique. The descriptive, budgetary technique was used to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on egg marketing, and the challenges faced by poultry farmers in egg marketing, while the budgetary technique was used to analyze the cost and return of egg marketing in the study area. Females had the highest percentage of respondents with the highest socioeconomic characteristics, according to the findings (80.8%). The majority of respondents (96.8%) were between the ages of 31 and 60, and the vast majority was married (94.2%). It was also revealed that the majority of poultry farmers (92.5%) had formal education and that the majority of them (67.5%) practiced Christianity. According to the budgetary analysis, the average variable cost incurred by the farmers polled was 33764.85. It also revealed that the total fixed cost was 388392.98 and the total production cost was 422157.83. The profitability index was 0.38, indicating that poultry egg farmers in the study area earned N0.38 for each naira invested in production. The presence of COVID 19 was statistically significant in determining the level of income of poultry farmers. High input costs, product marketing, a lack of storage facilities, disease outbreaks, insufficient feed formulation ingredients, a lack of extension services, and movement restrictions were some of the challenges faced by poultry farmers and egg marketers in Ido Local Government. To keep poultry production afloat during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the government should provide expanded income support to affected farms, as well as tax deferment or waiver, and lower interest rates.
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Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an economically important, highly contagious, acute disease of Chickens caused by a single-stranded positive RNA Virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The Virus can replicate in the oviduct and cause permanent damage in young hens resulting in the false layer occurrence. In laying hens, infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV) infections can cause a severe decline in egg production and a number of effects on egg quality and reduced hatchability. The most effective means of controlling IB in poultry is vaccination. In the areas with increased pressure of circulating field challenge Virus, live attenuated vaccines are also used during the laying period with the intention of keeping local protection of the respiratory tract at a high level. The vaccine strain IB V-173/11 contained in Avishield IB GI-13 vaccine is a strain that genetically (S1 gene) belongs to GI-13 lineage and antigenically to 793B IBV serotype. Viral infections of this serotype occur frequently in Europe and therefore most vaccination programs in broilers, layers and breeders along a live IBV vaccine of the Massachusetts serotype also include a live vaccine of the 793B serotype, GI-I3 lineage. In this paper, results of a safety evaluation of live attenuated IB vaccine strain V-173/11, when administered by spray method in a ten-fold maximum dose repeated by one maximum dose in 28-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) layer Chickens are presented. As a control, non-vaccinated SPF layer chickens were included in the study. The vaccine is considered to be safe when used in laying period because no vaccinated chicken showed abnormal local or systemic reactions or signs of IB related disease, no chicken died from the causes attributable to the vaccine, egg quality was not altered, and there was no statistically significant difference in. egg production between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated group.
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Renewable energy associations note that solar panels installed in the early-2000s solar energy boom are now reaching the end of their 25- to 30-year lifespan. Benjamin Sovacool, of the University of Sussex’s Science Policy Research Unit, describes how the developed world’s attempt to reduce its carbon footprint has led to environmental and public health risks, gender discrimination, child labour, and ethnic discrimination in the global South. Markus Spitzbart, head Sustainable E-Waste Management in Ghana, German Corporation for International Cooperation Furthermore, the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ) has set up a project to create new centres and training courses for e-waste recycling and disposal methods for recyclers and scrap collectors.
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Speed read Studies in Germany and China find pigs, chickens, ducks not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 India food safety authority says chicken eggs, meat safe to eat, after poultry culled in China Expert urges people not to be concerned domestic livestock could become COVID-19 source Animal disease specialists are seeking to calm fears that domestic livestock and pets can spread coronavirus, as lockdowns make protein sources scarce in some lower-income countries. Germany’s national institute for animal health, the Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, is testing the susceptibility of animals to SARS-CoV-2, with final results and analysis expected at the beginning of May. India’s Food Safety and Standards Authority has responded to fears that chickens could spread COVID-19, saying current knowledge indicates that eating eggs and meat is safe, providing general hygiene practices outlined by the World Health Organization and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) are followed.
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The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profile and specific immunity of laying hens with the addition of oil extracts of lycopene or astaxanthin to the diet. The study used High Line W36 chickens that were vaccinated against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis and egg drop syndrome. It was found that the addition of lycopene (20 mg/kg) and astaxanthin (10 mg/kg) for 30 days did not affect the hematological profile of laying hens. Increasing the content of lycopene to 40 and 60 mg/kg or astaxanthin to 20 or 30 mg/kg of feed for 30 days reduced the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin in the blood compared to the control, which received an equivalent amount of refined sunflower oil in the diet. Lycopene and astaxanthin supplements, regardless of dose and duration of administration, did not affect the titer of antibodies to Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis, and egg drop syndrome in serum of vaccinated laying hens. The obtained data can be used to justify the optimal dose and term of feeding of lycopene or astaxanthin supplements in the development of a model of carotenoid enrichment of chicken egg yolks.
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The American Rescue Funds Program seeks improvements to infrastructure, capacity, and diversification in meat and poultry processing, with clear prioritization of increased competition via small- and medium-sized processing facilities. The need to euthanize animals at a time when retailers were rationing meat sales was one of several examples of market failures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture estimated the disruptions to agricultural meat, poultry, and egg production at $15 billion based on CFAP and CFAP2 payments. Marani et al. (2021) estimate the probability of a repeat event at 1% to 2% per year, justifying the use of these public funds to add surplus capacity and infrastructure to mitigate disruptions in case of recurrence. Economics of scale are modest beyond slaughter of more than 125 head per hour in beef plants and 2,000 head per day in pork plants (Duewer and Nelson, 1991;Ollinger, MacDonald, and Madison, 2005). Dozens of such "medium-sized" U.S. pork and beef processing plants have survived since 2000, typically relying upon niche market connections. Given historic processing plant construction costs for medium-sized plants (Aherin, 333333 2021) and an assumed 20% USDA grant to incentivize construction, a $100 million expenditure on each of the beef and pork plants creates an opportunity to add as much as 5% additional capacity for each species, easing current capacity as the industries prepare for local and export growth. Whether producer-ownership of capacity can generate stability and additional benefits in the supply chains is of key interest. Models of producer ownership-including cooperatives and carefully structured LLCs-allow livestock producers to capture processing margins and remove some of the price uncertainty around live animal prices to the plant and producer. It follows, too, that producer-ownership can therefore reduce the ability of existing larger plants to poach supply from medium-sized plants during the crucial startup phase and ensure that plants run at optimum capacity. A significant portion of the additional capacity added to the pork industry in the last 15 years exhibited some form of producer ownership. Anecdotally, the pork and beef sectors may be moving away from commodity production and into systems that maintain animal identity from farm to consumer. Producers have an opportunity to capitalize on this shift by collectively investing in medium-sized plants with the ability to preserve identity and be more responsive to evolving consumer preferences. An overarching concern is of the need to maintain capacity into the future and the potential of existing packers to acquire this subsidized capacity should medium sized processing fail.
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COVID-19 has imposed shocks on all segments of food supply chains, simultaneously affecting farm production, food processing, transport and logistics and final demand. It is therefore important to assess the risks, the probability of their occurrence and their impacts in order to develop risk mitigation recommendations. In Latvia, poultry farming as an agricultural industry has centuries-old traditions. Poultry in Latvia are produced both on large poultry farms and on small and backyard farms. There are 21 large and medium laying hen egg producers in Latvia;however, 96% of the total poultry are concentrated on four farms. There are six producers of processed eggs and egg products in Latvia. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to examine the egg production and processing sector and analyze the risks caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the sector and develop recommendations for their reduction in Latvia. The research identified 40 risks in the egg production and processing sector based on the methodology developed: 26 internal and 14 external risks, assessed the probability and impacts of their occurrence and, based on interviews with entrepreneurs involved in the sector, developed different level recommendations for stabilizing the situation in similar occasions as well as strengthen the resilience of the sector after the crisis. © 2021 International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.
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A well-structured specifically developed questionnaire with 31 questions was circulated among residents in Tamil Nadu via social networking sites such as Facebook, Email, WhatsApp, and Twitter starting on 1411' August 2020 to 24m August 2020.181 out of 350 participants contacted, responded to the online survey (52%). Among the respondents (181), 30%, 21%, and 0.3% were male, female, and third gender, respectively. There was no substantial change in the consumption pattern of eggs during the COVID-19 lock-down period. However, there was a 5% reduction in the consumption of poultry meat and egg on Sunday's during the COVID-19 lock-down period. There was a marginal increase in the purchase of poultry eggs among the respondents who usually buy less than 6 eggs per week for their family and a marginal reduction in the (-4%) in the purchase of poultry eggs among the respondents purchasing 12-24 eggs per week for their family. The regular quantity of chicken meat consumed per family per week is up to 2 kgs. There was a 6% reduction in the consumption of chicken meat among the respondents consuming 1 to 2 kg per week for their family during the COVID-19 lock-down period. This survey highlights the need for constant awareness among the general public as 36% of respondents were unaware of the about non-transmission of COVID-19 through chicken meat and egg. fry.